Comprehensive Guide to Newborn Resuscitation: Initial Assessment, Airway Management, Breathing Support, Circulation, and Chest Compressions Techniques

 1. Initial Assessment

Quickly evaluate the newborn’s heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, and color immediately after birth.

Determine if the baby needs immediate resuscitation or can stay with the mother.

Assess if the baby is crying, has adequate tone, or is in respiratory distress.

Begin interventions if heart rate is below 100 bpm, there is poor breathing, or tone.

2. Airway Management

Position the newborn in a "sniffing" position to open the airway.

Clear secretions with a bulb syringe if there is obvious blockage (mouth first, then nose).

Use a positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) device if the baby is not breathing effectively.

Avoid excessive suctioning, which can cause bradycardia.

3. Breathing Support

Begin PPV with a bag-valve mask if the heart rate is below 100 bpm or there is apnea.

Ensure an adequate seal around the mask to deliver effective breaths.

If heart rate does not improve, check for chest movement and adjust mask fit or pressure.

Consider endotracheal intubation if PPV is ineffective or for prolonged ventilation.

4. Circulation and Chest Compressions

Start chest compressions if heart rate remains below 60 bpm despite effective ventilation.

Use the "two-thumb" technique for compressions, pressing on the lower third of the sternum.

Coordinate compressions and ventilations at a 3:1 ratio (90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute).

Administer epinephrine if heart rate does not improve after 60 seconds of co

ordinated compressions and ventilation.

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